Autism is a developmental disability that usually appears during the first three years of one’s life. It is a neurological disorder that impacts the normal development of the brain in areas of social interaction and communication skills. Autism is the most common of the Pervasive Developmental Disorders, affecting an estimated 1 in 250 births in the US. This means that a large number of people are believed to be affected by one form of autism or another.

What is Autism?

Autism is a brain disorder that affects a person’s ability to communicate, reason, and interact with others. It is a spectrum disorder in that it affects individuals differently and to varying degrees of severity, and it is often found in combination with other disabilities.

What causes Autism?

There is no known single cause for autism, but it is generally accepted that it is caused by abnormalities in brain structure or function. Brain scans show differences in the shape and structure of the brain in autistic children versus those of non-autistic children. Some researchers are investigating links between heredity, genetics and medical problems. Other researchers are investigating problems during pregnancy or delivery as well as environmental factors such as viral infections, metabolic imbalances, and exposure to environmental chemicals.

Who is at risk for Autism?

Autism tends to occur more frequently than expected among individuals who have certain medical conditions, including Fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, congenital rubella syndrome, and untreated phenylketonuria (PKU). Autism is four times more common in boys than girls, but is found equally amongst various populations.

Are there treatments for Autism?

While there is no cure for autism, there are treatment and education approaches that may reduce some of the challenges associated with the disability. Intervention may help in lessening disruptive behaviours, and education can teach self-help skills that allow for greater independence. But just as there is no one symptom or behaviour that identifies autistic children, there is no single treatment.